Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk Keprok (Citrus Reticulata) terhadap Cell-Cycle G1 Arrest dan Apoptosis pada Sel Kultur Retinoblastoma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb.2014.028.02.2Abstract
Retinoblastoma adalah kanker intraokular yang terjadi pada anak usia dini, disebabkan oleh terganggunya supresor tumor gen RB baik secara herediter maupun nonherediter. Tatalaksananya adalah enukleasi, eksentrasi, kemoterapi, laser fotokoagulasi, cryotherapi, dan radioterapi. Apabila tidak diobati hampir seluruh pasien mengalami proses desak ruang dan penyebaran tumor. Kemoterapi bukan merupakan pilihan terapi selektif karena hal ini semakin merusak sel normal pada jaringan yang normal. Sehingga peneliti mencari alternatif terapi seperti ekstrak kulit jeruk keprok yang memiliki fungsi sebagai anti karsinogenik, anti tumor, anti invasif dan anti metastasis. Penelitian ini merupakan analitik eksperimental pada sel kultur retinoblastoma yang dipapar dengan ekstrak kulit jeruk keprok. Sel kultur retinoblastoma dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol,  kultur+ekstrak kulit jeruk keprok dosis 10mg/mL, kultur+ekstrak kulit jeruk keprok dosis 20mg/mL dan kultur+ekstrak kulit jeruk keprok dosis 40mg/mL. Diinkubasi selama 72 jam lalu dilakukan pengecatan dengan propidium iodide untuk diperiksa menggunakan flowcitometry. Hasil pemeriksaan dengan flowcitometry berupa gambaran histogram dari siklus sel dan apoptosis. Sel kultur retinoblastoma pada fase G1/S, kelompok kontrol (15,03±3,03), kelompok ekstrak kulit jeruk keprok dosis 10mg/mL (12,47±2,51), 20mg/mL (12,30±1,33) dan 40mg/mL (10,80±1,52) (p=0,027) menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kulit jeruk keprok tidak menginduksi G1 arrest. Pada data apoptosis, kelompok kontrol (35,0±3,96), kelompok ekstrak kulit jeruk keprok dosis 10mg/mL (33,63±0,88), 20mg/mL (38,48±8,96) dan 40mg/mL (64,42±2,09) (p=0,000) menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak kulit jeruk keprok menginduksi apoptosis pada sel kultur retinoblastoma. Kulit buah jeruk keprok (Citrus reticulata) mengandung berbagai macam senyawa flavonoid, yang bertindak sebagai anti-karsinogenik, anti-tumor, anti-invasif dan anti-metastasis. Pemberian ekstrak kulit jeruk keprok tidak menginduksi cell-cycle G1 arrest tetapi menginduksi proses apoptosis.
Kata Kunci: Apoptosis, cell-cycle G1 arrest, ekstrak kulit jeruk keprok (Citrus reticulata), sel kultur retinoblastoma
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