Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh, Asupan Lemak, dan Mikronutrisi, serta Aktivitas Fisik terhadap Tekanan Darah pada Wanita Usia Subur

Authors

  • Sri Andarini Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya Malang http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9000-239X
  • Nia Novita Wirawan Department of Nutrition Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya
  • Widya Rahmawati Department of Nutrition Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya
  • Annisa Rizky Maulidiana Department of Nutrition Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1446-6122

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb.2019.030.04.8

Keywords:

Aktifitas fisik, IMT, lemak, mikronutrisi, tekanan darah

Abstract

Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit dengan prevalensi tertinggi di Indonesia maupun di Kota Malang. Hipertensi pada wanita usia subur akan meningkatkan resiko pre-eklampsi/eklampsi pada masa kehamilan. Pada tahun 2012, angka kematian ibu yang disebabkan oleh pre-eklampsi/eklampsi adalah sebesar 34,88%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: Pertama, mengkaji hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh (IMT), asupan lemak, mikronutrisi (Na, K, Ca, Mg) serta aktivitas fisik dengan tekanan darah, kedua, mengevaluasi faktor yang dominan berhubungan dengan tekanan darah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional design. Total responden sebanyak 150 wanita berusia 18-44 tahun di Kecamatan Kedungkandang Kota Malang. Pengukuran tekanan darah, berat dan tinggi badan dilakukan secara replikasi. Aktifitas fisik diukur menggunakan perhitungan Metabolic Equivalent of Task. Hubungan antara faktor resiko yang diteliti dengan tekanan darah diuji menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman's rank dan Regresi Linier Ganda dengan tingkat signifikansi p<0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 31.3% responden tergolong pre-hipertensi dan 12% responden tergolong hipertensi. Terdapat korelasi positif yang signifikan antara tekanan darah dengan IMT (p=0,000) dan asupan lemak (p=0,015). Selain itu, uji regresi menunjukkan bahwa IMT merupakan faktor dominan terhadap tekanan darah. Asupan lemak hanya berpengaruh terhadap tekanan darah diastolik. Sedangkan asupan mikronutrisi dan aktivitas fisik tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan tekanan darah. 

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Published

2019-08-30

Issue

Vol. 30 No. 4 (2019)

Section

Research Article

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